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Plug-and-Play Stability for Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces: A One-Year Demonstration of Seamless

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This study introduces a new self-recalibration method for intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) using large language models. This approach maintains high performance for communication restoration in individuals with neurological disorders without user interruption.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) offer communication restoration for neurological disorders like ALS.
  • Current iBCIs require frequent recalibration, disrupting user experience and limiting clinical translation.
  • Neural recording drift necessitates recalibration, posing a significant challenge for long-term iBCI use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a self-recalibrating iBCI system that eliminates the need for user interruption.
  • To leverage large language models (LMs) for automated error correction and decoder updates.
  • To demonstrate long-term stability and high performance of a communication iBCI.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a Continual Online Recalibration with Pseudo-labels (CORP) framework.
  • Utilized LMs to generate pseudo-labels for correcting iBCI output errors.
  • Continuously updated the iBCI decoder online using these pseudo-labels.
  • Evaluated CORP with one clinical trial participant over 403 days.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a stable decoding accuracy of 93.84% in an online handwriting iBCI task.
  • Demonstrated significantly superior performance compared to baseline methods.
  • This represents the longest-running iBCI stability demonstration with a human participant.
  • Showcased sustained high performance without interrupting the user.

Conclusions:

  • The CORP framework enables long-term stabilization of high-performance communication iBCIs.
  • Self-recalibration addresses a major barrier for the clinical translation of iBCIs.
  • This plug-and-play approach enhances usability and accessibility for individuals with severe motor impairments.