Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

18.0K

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in immunocompromised children - A single-center study from South India

Sudeep Gaddam1, Rajesh Kodandapani2, Nikhita Mani2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
|May 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in pediatric hematology oncology patients often presents with hypertension and neurological symptoms. Early recognition and blood pressure management are crucial for these immunosuppressed children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Hematology Oncology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition.
  • Immunosuppression in pediatric hematology oncology patients is a risk factor.
  • Understanding PRES in this specific population is vital for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical profile of children diagnosed with PRES in a pediatric hematology oncology unit.
  • To highlight the specific clinical features of PRES in immunosuppressed children.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering PRES in the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 10 children diagnosed with PRES.
  • Analysis of clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and treatment outcomes.
  • Focus on patients within a pediatric hematology oncology setting.

Main Results:

  • The mean age of affected children was 6.8 years.
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant were common primary diagnoses.
  • Hypertension was universal at diagnosis, with bilateral parietal and occipital lobe lesions on neuroimaging.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is a key feature of PRES in pediatric hematology oncology patients.
  • Prompt recognition of PRES is essential for prompt management, including blood pressure control.
  • Considering PRES in children with neurological symptoms like seizures and headaches can lead to earlier diagnosis.

Keywords:
Childhood cancerHematopoietic stem cell transplantationHypertensionImmunocompromised hostPediatric hematology-oncology unitPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

3.6K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.6K

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...