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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
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Enzymatic Reaction-Coupled, Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization.

Angshuman Das1, Saikat Ghosh1, Ananya Mishra1

  • 1New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 15, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a bioinspired method for controlled supramolecular polymerization using an enzyme-coupled reaction. This approach mimics biological systems to precisely regulate the growth of synthetic polymers.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic chemistry
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Polymer science

Background:

  • Biological systems utilize sophisticated mechanisms for precise self-assembly and function regulation.
  • Enzymatic reactions and auxiliary proteins are crucial for controlling macromolecular structure and length in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioinspired, reaction-coupled approach for controlled supramolecular polymerization in synthetic systems.
  • To mimic biological self-assembly control using synthetic components.

Main Methods:

  • Employed an enzymatic reaction coupled with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-templated supramolecular polymerization of naphthalene diimide monomers (NSG).
  • Utilized enzymatic ATP production to drive and regulate NSG monomer polymerization.
  • Investigated positive feedback between NSG growth and ATP production.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reaction-controlled, cooperative growth of NSG monomers facilitated by enzymatic ATP production.
  • Observed a positive feedback loop between monomer polymerization and ATP synthesis, creating an ideal reaction-coupled assembly.
  • Showcased living-growth characteristics in seeding experiments, indicating predictive control over polymer growth.

Conclusions:

  • Pioneered a reaction-coupled self-assembly method for precise control over supramolecular polymer growth kinetics and structure.
  • Achieved predictive control over synthetic supramolecular polymer formation, mirroring biological self-assembly processes.
  • Established a novel strategy for designing advanced functional materials through bioinspired polymerization.