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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
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Modified Release 3D-Printed Capsules Containing a Ketoprofen Self-Nanoemulsifying System for Personalized Medical

Bahaa Shaqour1,2, Hiba Natsheh2,3, Naim Kittana2,4

  • 1Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus P4110257, Palestine.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|May 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Personalized medicine advances with 3D-printed capsules for tailored ketoprofen release. Novel drug delivery systems and polymer combinations enhance drug efficacy and controlled release.

Keywords:
3D printed capsulesdelayed releasefused filament fabricationketoprofenpH responsivepersonalized medicineself-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Personalized medicine requires advanced drug delivery systems for patient-specific treatments.
  • 3D printing offers a promising platform for creating customized dosage forms.
  • Controlled drug release is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate 3D-printed enteric capsules for personalized ketoprofen delivery.
  • To explore modified drug release using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate:polyethylene glycol (HPMCP:PEG) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers.
  • To develop and evaluate a novel ketoprofen-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for capsule filling.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3D-printed capsules using HPMCP:PEG and PVA via hot-melt extrusion.
  • Characterization of filament thermal and mechanical properties.
  • In vitro drug release studies and evaluation of ketoprofen's COX-2 inhibitory activity in SNEDDS.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated tunable ketoprofen release based on polymer type and capsule thickness.
  • Successfully developed and characterized a pomegranate seed oil-based SNEDDS for ketoprofen.
  • Observed enhanced in vitro COX-2 inhibitory activity of ketoprofen when loaded into SNEDDS.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing facilitates the development of patient-specific drug delivery systems.
  • Tailored polymer formulations enable precise control over drug release profiles.
  • SNEDDS incorporation can enhance the therapeutic potential of model drugs like ketoprofen.