Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Lithiophilic Core-Shell Nanowires on Copper Foam

Lithium (Li) metal batteries have attracted considerable research attention due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity. However, the commercialization of Li metal batteries faces challenges, primarily attributed to uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites, which raises safety concerns and lowers coulombic efficiency. To mitigate Li dendrites growth and attain dense Li deposition, the hybrid SiO₂-Cu₂O lithiophilic film applied to a 3D copper foam current collector is developed to regulate the interfacial properties for achieving even and dense Li deposition. The SiO₂-Cu₂O possesses strong Li⁺ trapping capability through strong lithiophilicity from Cu₂O. Additionally, the SiO₂-Cu₂O enables uniform ion diffusion through the domain-limiting effect of the holes in the SiO₂ layer, inducing an even and dense Li plating/stripping behavior at a large capacity. Furthermore, the SiO₂ layer promotes the formation of an initial high inorganic content Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) through selective preferential binding with anion and solvent molecules. When the SiO₂-Cu₂O@Li anode is coupled with a LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathode, the resulting full cell exhibits superior cycling stability and rate performance. These results provide a facile approach to construct a lithiophilic current collector for practical Li metal anodes.