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Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
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Nephrons01:10

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
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Proteoglycans01:05

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
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Galectin-3 in chronic kidney disease.

Ioannis Bellos1, Smaragdi Marinaki2, Pagona Lagiou3

  • 1Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|May 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

High serum galectin-3 levels are linked to increased mortality risk in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. However, its role in predicting cardiovascular disease or kidney function decline remains unclear.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseChronic kidney diseaseGalectin-3MortalityPrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomarkers
  • Prognostic Medicine

Background:

  • Elevated serum galectin-3 is associated with adverse outcomes in dialysis patients.
  • The prognostic significance of galectin-3 in earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the association between serum galectin-3 and survival, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease progression in non-dialysis CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Google Scholar) until November 10, 2023.
  • Included were observational studies evaluating the prognostic role of serum galectin-3 in non-dialysis CKD patients.

Main Results:

  • Twelve studies (9,349 patients) were analyzed. Higher serum galectin-3 levels significantly correlated with increased all-cause mortality risk.
  • Evidence regarding galectin-3's association with kidney function decline was inconclusive, with conflicting results.
  • No consistent significant associations were found between serum galectin-3 and heart failure, cardiovascular events, or cardiovascular death.

Conclusions:

  • Increased serum galectin-3 levels appear to have a prognostic role in non-dialysis CKD, particularly concerning all-cause mortality.
  • The utility of serum galectin-3 for predicting cardiovascular disease or kidney disease progression in this population is not supported by current evidence.