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The role of nitric oxide and neuroendocrine system in pain generation
Aayush Gupta1, Maja Vejapi2, Nebojsa Nick Knezevic3
1Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, USA.
Abstract:
Previous studies have indicated a complex interplay between the nitric oxide (NO) pain signaling pathways and hormonal signaling pathways in the body. This article delineates the role of nitric oxide signaling in neuropathic and inflammatory pain generation and subsequently discusses how the neuroendocrine system is involved in pain generation. Hormonal systems including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) generation of cortisol, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, calcitonin, melatonin, and sex hormones could potentially contribute to the generation of nitric oxide involved in the sensation of pain. Further research is necessary to clarify this relationship and may reveal therapeutic targets involving NO signaling that alleviate neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
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