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Related Concept Videos

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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

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Infectious Mediastinitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Thomas Lemmet1, Jean-Philippe Mazzucotelli2, Olivier Collange3

  • 1Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|May 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Mediastinitis outcomes vary by infection origin. Poststernotomy mediastinitis often involves staphylococci, while esophageal perforation and descending necrotizing mediastinitis feature diverse microbial profiles, impacting survival rates.

Keywords:
descending necrotizing mediastinitisesophageal perforationinfectious mediastinitissternotomy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Mediastinitis is a rare but severe infection.
  • Understanding its origins is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize demographics, microbiology, management, and treatment outcomes of mediastinitis.
  • To analyze differences based on the infection's origin.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 151 mediastinitis cases.
  • Data collected from Strasbourg University Hospital (2010-2020).
  • Cases categorized as poststernotomy mediastinitis (PSM), mediastinitis due to esophageal perforation (MEP), or descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM).

Main Results:

  • PSM (n=63) predominantly monomicrobial (Staphylococcus).
  • MEP (n=60) and DNM (n=17) mostly polymicrobial (digestive/oral flora).
  • Overall 1-year survival: 64.8%; DNM: 80.1%, MEP: 61.5%. Early surgery (80.8%) and median 41-day anti-infective treatment were common.

Conclusions:

  • Mediastinitis exhibits distinct patterns based on origin.
  • Knowledge of these differences can guide empirical anti-infective strategies.
  • Tailored management approaches are essential for improving patient outcomes.