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Inflammation

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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin,...

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...

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Using En Face Immunofluorescence Staining to Observe Vascular Endothelial Cells Directly

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Published on: August 20, 2019

Lipid Variability Induces Endothelial Dysfunction by Increasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Marie Rhee¹, Joonyub Lee¹, Eun Young Lee¹

¹Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea)

|May 16, 2024

Summary

Fluctuating lipid levels, specifically palmitic acid (PA), significantly increase inflammation and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. This lipid variability impairs mitochondrial function, leading to endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk.

Keywords:

Cardiovascular diseases Dyslipidemias Endothelial cells Inflammation Oxidative stress Palmitic acid

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On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping

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Published on: July 21, 2012

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in cardiovascular disease.
Lipid metabolism and its impact on vascular health are critical areas of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of fluctuating lipid levels on endothelial cells.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which lipid variability contributes to endothelial dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Human endothelial cells were exposed to varying concentrations of palmitic acid (PA).
Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cell viability were assessed.
Real-time PCR, Western blot, ELISA, and functional assays were employed.

Main Results:

Variable PA levels upregulated inflammatory genes and adhesion molecules.
Mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis were reduced, indicating dysfunction.
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired cell migration were observed.

Conclusions:

Lipid variability induces endothelial dysfunction via increased inflammation and oxidative stress.
These findings provide mechanistic insights into the link between lipid variability and cardiovascular risk.