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Fatigue

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

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A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

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Published on: August 28, 2018

Cyclic Wear Reliability of 2D Monolayers.

Nima Barri¹, Akshat Rastogi^1,2, Md Akibul Islam¹

¹Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 16, 2024

Summary

Graphene shows superior wear resistance over 3000 cycles compared to MoS2 and WSe2, which fail around 500 cycles. This study reveals distinct failure mechanisms for these 2D materials under cyclic wear.

Keywords:

2D materials AFM characterization MoS2 WSe2 cyclic wear graphene nanotribology

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Published on: September 11, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Wear is a critical factor affecting mechanical system reliability across all scales.
Nanoscale wear mechanisms in two-dimensional (2D) materials remain largely unexplored.
Understanding material behavior under cyclic stress is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cyclic wear behavior and surface damage mechanisms of monolayer graphene, MoS2, and WSe2.
To compare the durability and failure modes of these 2D materials under wear conditions.
To provide insights for optimizing 2D materials in MEMS, NEMS, and as lubricant additives.

Main Methods:

Utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) for experimental wear analysis.
Employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model wear at the atomic level.
Performed statistical examination of cyclic wear data for multiple 2D materials.

Main Results:

Graphene demonstrated exceptional durability, exceeding 3000 cycles at 85% critical load.
MoS2 and WSe2 exhibited significantly lower durability, failing around 500 cycles on average.
Graphene failed catastrophically due to stress concentration and out-of-plane deformation, while MoS2/WSe2 showed intermittent failure with edge propagation.

Conclusions:

Graphene possesses superior wear resistance compared to MoS2 and WSe2.
Distinct failure mechanisms (catastrophic vs. intermittent) are identified for different 2D materials.
Findings have implications for MEMS/NEMS industries and macroscopic lubricant applications.