Evaluation of precipitated CaCO₃ produced from locally available limestone as a reinforcement filler for PVC pipe

The current experimental work aimed at developing PCC through two major process steps: dissolution and precipitation, using raw materials domestically available as SL, which are intensively used in construction inputs. The pH level was the decisive parameter used to determine the time required to complete the dissolution and carbonation processes during precipitation. The optimal pH levels were found to be 13 for dissolution and 7.1 for precipitation, respectively. The produced PCC was characterized based on chemical analysis, crystallinity, and morphology, showing an increment of CaCO₃ content exceeding 99%, sharper crystal peaks, and predominantly calcite PCC. The compatibility of the PCC was assessed by incorporating 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of PCC with commercial filler, followed by selected mechanical tests, such as stress at yield, density, and elongation at break. The results indicated that mixing ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75% of PCC with the commercial filler met the standards, with stress at a yield above 45 MPa and density within the range of 1.35 to 1.46 g/cm³. However, complete substitution slightly lowered these properties. Nevertheless, the elongation at break was acceptable at all treatment levels.