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Related Concept Videos

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

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A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
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Unconventional approaches for chiral resolution.

Filippo Malacarne1, Sara Grecchi1, Malinee Niamlaem1

  • 1Dip. Di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|May 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral resolution is key in pharmaceuticals and industry. New methods use external stimuli with chiral selectors for efficient enantioselective separation, offering novel perspectives.

Keywords:
CISS effectChiral resolutionChiral selectorsElectroassisted methodsWireless approaches

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Area of Science:

  • Chirality and enantioselective resolution across diverse scientific fields.
  • Importance of enantiomerically pure compounds in pharmaceuticals, food, and agrochemicals.

Background:

  • Chirality is a fundamental molecular property with significant industrial implications.
  • Current challenge lies in developing efficient, broad-spectrum, and simple methods for chiral resolution.
  • Enantioselective resolution requires an asymmetric environment to differentiate molecular enantiomers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss enantioselective mechanisms triggered by unconventional physicochemical stimuli.
  • To explore avant-garde approaches for novel perspectives in chiral resolution.
  • Highlighting synergistic effects between chiral selectors and external stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established enantiomeric separation techniques (chromatography, electrophoresis).
  • Focus on emerging approaches utilizing external physicochemical stimuli.
  • Investigation of synergistic effects between chiral selectors and stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of various enantioselective mechanisms activated by unconventional stimuli.
  • Identification of promising new strategies for chiral resolution.
  • Highlighting the potential of synergistic interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Unconventional stimuli combined with chiral selectors offer novel routes for enantioselective resolution.
  • These advanced methods hold promise for more efficient and versatile chiral separations.
  • The field is evolving towards innovative approaches beyond traditional techniques.