Intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT to predict prognosis for patients with thymic epithelial...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity and quantitative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging parameters in predicting patient outcomes in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

This retrospective study included 100 patients diagnosed with TETs who underwent pretreatment ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on PET/CT were measured. Heterogeneity index-1 (HI-1; standard deviation [SD] divided by SUVmean) and heterogeneity index-2 (HI-2; linear regression slopes of the MTV according with different SUV thresholds), were evaluated as heterogeneity indices. Associations between these parameters and patient survival outcomes were analyzed.

The univariate analysis showed that Masaoka stage, TNM stage, WHO classification, SUVmax, SUVmean, TLG, and HI-1 were significant prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS), while MTV, HI-2, age, gender, presence of myasthenia gravis, and maximum tumor diameter were not. Subsequently, multivariate analyses showed that HI-1 (p < 0.001) and TNM stage (p = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. For the overall survival analysis, TNM stage, WHO classification, SUVmax, and HI-1 were significant prognostic factors in the univariate analysis, while TNM stage remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analyses (p = 0.024). The Kaplan Meier survival analyses showed worse prognoses for patients with TNM stages III and IV and HI-1 ≥ 0.16 compared to those with stages I and II and HI-1 < 0.16 (log-rank p < 0.001).

HI-1 and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival in TETs. HI-1 generated from baseline ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT might be promising to identify patients with poor prognosis.