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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates02:13

Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates

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Free-energy diagrams, or reaction coordinate diagrams, are graphs showing the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction. The reaction coordinate represented on the horizontal axis shows how far the reaction has progressed structurally. Positions along the x-axis close to the reactants have structures resembling the reactants, while positions close to the products resemble the products.  Peaks on the energy diagram represent stable structures with measurable lifetimes, while...
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Molecular Models

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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism02:46

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Here, in contrast to the E2 reaction mechanism, we delve into the aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, which has two steps: rate-limiting loss of the leaving group and abstraction of the beta hydrogen by a weak base. Typically, the experimental proof for the E1 mechanism is via kinetic studies or isotope studies. While the former demonstrates the first-order kinetics—the dependence of the reaction solely on substrate concentration—the latter proves the abstraction of hydrogen only...
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

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Visualizing Dynamic Single Atom Catalysis.

Edward D Boyes1, Pratibha L Gai2

  • 1The York Nanocentre, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced in situ electron microscopy (EM) visualizes single atom catalysis in real-time. This enables a deeper understanding of catalyst function, improving industrial processes and material stability.

Keywords:
analytical in situ ESTEM with single atom resolutionvisualization and analysis of dynamic single atom catalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Heterogeneous catalysts are crucial for industrial processes like fuel and pharmaceutical production.
  • Atomic-level dynamics significantly impact catalyst stability and performance.
  • Real-time, in situ analysis under reaction conditions is key to understanding and improving catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review innovative real-time in situ electron microscopy (EM) methods for studying dynamic single-atom catalysis.
  • To highlight advancements in environmental (scanning) transmission EM (E(STEM)) for atomic-scale visualization.
  • To discuss challenges and opportunities in tracking reacting atoms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing environmental scanning TEM (ESTEM) and environmental transmission EM (ETEM) for single-atom resolution.
  • Employing controlled flowing gas reaction environments.
  • Incorporating advanced in situ technologies like specialized sample holders and nanotomography.

Main Results:

  • ESTEM successfully visualized single atom dynamics during reactions and sintering deactivation.
  • Real-time atomic-scale analysis provided insights into catalyst yield and stability.
  • Progress in E(STEM) facilitates understanding of fundamental catalytic processes.

Conclusions:

  • In situ EM methods significantly enhance the understanding of dynamic single-atom catalysis.
  • Improved understanding can lead to better catalyst design, boosting industrial efficiency.
  • Advances offer valuable economic, environmental, and societal benefits through optimized catalysis.