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Dual-Language Use and Cognitive Function Among Mexican Americans Aged 65 and Older.

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Bilingual Mexican American older adults with balanced Spanish and English use had higher cognitive scores. This suggests that balanced dual-language use may support cognitive function in aging populations.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Bilingualism and cognitive reserve are linked to reduced dementia risk.
  • Previous research indicates English proficiency benefits non-native speakers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between dual-language use and cognitive function in older Mexican Americans.
  • To determine if balanced use of Spanish and English correlates with better cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (1992-2013).
  • Categorized 2,564 participants into low, medium, and high dual-language use groups based on Spanish and English usage across contexts.
  • Employed linear mixed models to analyze the relationship between dual-language use and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.

Main Results:

  • Higher dual-language use was associated with significantly higher baseline MMSE scores (medium: +1.91, high: +3.03).
  • This association remained significant after adjusting for education.
  • No significant association was found between dual-language use and the rate of MMSE score decline.

Conclusions:

  • Greater balanced use of Spanish and English is linked to better baseline cognitive function in older Mexican Americans.
  • Further research is needed to explore nuanced aspects of bilingualism and cognitive benefits in aging adults.
  • More sophisticated cognitive assessments are recommended for future studies on bilingualism and cognition.