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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Background:

  • Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has detected numerous events, primarily from merging black holes.
  • Cosmic strings are hypothetical topological defects in spacetime, and their gravitational wave emissions are theoretically studied.
  • Previous analyses of GW events have not considered cosmic string loops collapsing into black holes as a source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze gravitational-wave strain data using waveforms from simulated cosmic string loop collapse.
  • To investigate if this previously unconsidered source can explain observed gravitational wave events like GW190521.
  • To compare the cosmic string hypothesis with existing models for GW events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized strong gravity simulations to construct waveforms for collapsing cosmic string loops.
  • Applied these waveforms to analyze the gravitational wave event GW190521.
  • Employed Bayesian analysis to compare the likelihood of the cosmic string model versus the binary black hole model.

Main Results:

  • The cosmic string loop collapse model is favored over previous cosmic string analyses for GW190521 by a log Bayes factor of 22.
  • The signal from collapsing cosmic strings is dominated by a black hole ringdown, mimicking binary black hole merger signals.
  • The binary black hole hypothesis remains preferred due to the nonspinning nature of the cosmic string remnant.

Conclusions:

  • Collapsing cosmic string loops present a viable, though currently disfavored, explanation for certain gravitational wave events.
  • Further research into spinning remnants from cosmic string loops could challenge the current preference for binary black hole mergers.
  • Searches for ringdown-only waveforms are proposed as a method to detect and estimate the rate of cosmic string events.