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Trigeminal trophic syndrome: A systematic review.
Sarah Finucane1, Poonam Dalwadi2, Kumaran Mudaliar3
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
American Journal of Otolaryngology
|May 17, 2024
Summary
Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition causing non-healing facial ulcers, often linked to trigeminal nerve damage. Diagnosis relies on biopsy, with treatments ranging from conservative measures to surgery.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Neurology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition characterized by chronic, non-healing facial ulcerations.
- Pathophysiology remains poorly understood, often associated with trigeminal nerve insults.
Approach:
- A systematic review of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
- 142 articles describing 214 patients with TTS were analyzed for clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes.
Key Points:
- Female predominance (62.9%) with a median age of 57 years.
- Trigeminal nerve insult identified in 93.5% of cases; common triggers include trigeminal neuralgia treatment and cerebrovascular accidents.
- Self-inflicted trauma was reported in 64% of patients; biopsy confirmed diagnosis in 57.5%.
Conclusions:
- TTS should be suspected in patients with non-healing facial ulcers and altered trigeminal nerve sensation.
- Biopsy is crucial for diagnosis and excluding malignancy.
- Management involves conservative measures, medications, and sometimes surgery.
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