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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

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Ultra-Processed Food Addiction: A Research Update.

Erica M LaFata1, Kelly C Allison2, Janet Audrain-McGovern3

  • 1Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States. es3344@drexel.edu.

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Summary

Ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction affects 14% of adults and 15% of youths globally, with disparities seen in persons of color and those with food insecurity. Research is advancing on its biological basis and link to weight management challenges.

Keywords:
Compulsive overeatingObesity treatment outcomesUltra-processed food addictionUltra-processed foods

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience of nutrition
  • Public health research
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are increasingly prevalent globally.
  • Growing scientific and public interest in UPF addiction as a construct.
  • UPF addiction is linked to overeating behaviors and obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction science.
  • To focus on prevalence, health disparities, biological underpinnings, behavioral mechanisms, and weight management implications.
  • To highlight gaps in targeted interventions for UPF addiction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on UPF addiction.
  • Analysis of estimated prevalence rates and associated health disparities.
  • Examination of biological and behavioral mechanisms.
  • Assessment of implications for weight management.

Main Results:

  • Global prevalence of UPF addiction estimated at 14% for adults and 15% for youths.
  • Identified health disparities for persons of color and those with food insecurity.
  • Observed altered functioning in the brain-gut-microbiome axis.
  • Early evidence for UPF withdrawal symptoms.
  • Poorer weight management outcomes linked to UPF addiction.

Conclusions:

  • Continued scientific and public interest in UPF addiction.
  • UPF addiction impacts understanding and treatment of overeating and obesity.
  • A significant gap exists in targeted interventions for UPF addiction.
  • Developing targeted interventions could improve clinical outcomes for this population.