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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
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Immunotherapy guided precision medicine in solid tumors.

Sanjana Mehrotra1, Manu Kupani1, Jaismeen Kaur1

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology
|May 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer treatment is shifting towards personalized precision medicine (PPM) and immunotherapy. Combining these approaches targets unique tumor characteristics and harnesses the immune system for better outcomes in solid cancers.

Keywords:
CAR-T cellsCancer immunotherapyCheckpoint inhibitorsNeoantigensSolid tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cancer is a complex disease with significant molecular heterogeneity within tumors.
  • Tumor heterogeneity arises from genetic mutations and interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • This complexity challenges the development of universal treatments and contributes to therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of tumor heterogeneity and the TME in cancer treatment.
  • To summarize major types of cancer immunotherapy.
  • To discuss the integration of immunotherapy with personalized precision medicine (PPM) for solid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of tumor heterogeneity and TME.
  • Summary of established and emerging cancer immunotherapy strategies.
  • Analysis of PPM applications in conjunction with immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Technological advances provide insights into spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity.
  • Personalized precision medicine targets individual tumor molecular landscapes.
  • Immunotherapy leverages the patient's immune system to fight cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Combining PPM and immunotherapy offers a promising paradigm shift for treating solid cancers.
  • This integrated approach addresses tumor-specific vulnerabilities and enhances immune surveillance.
  • Further research is crucial for optimizing combination strategies and overcoming therapeutic resistance.