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Exploring toroidal anvil profiles for larger sample volumes above 4 Mbar.

Claire C Zurkowski1,2, Jing Yang3, Francesca Miozzi3

  • 1Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20015, USA. zurkowski1@llnl.gov.

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Larger toroidal diamond anvil cells (DACs) now enable multi-megabar static compression with diverse sample loading. This study validates their performance beyond 4 Mbar for advanced materials and planetary science research.

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Area of Science:

  • High-pressure physics and materials science
  • Planetary science and geophysics
  • Diamond anvil cell technology

Background:

  • Toroidal and double-stage diamond anvil cells (DACs) achieve high static pressures (4-10 Mbar) but have limited sample volume.
  • Larger sample volumes in DACs are crucial for diverse applications in physics, chemistry, and planetary science.
  • Exploring planetary interiors requires characterizing materials under extreme pressures and temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate larger toroidal DAC profiles for enhanced sample volume capabilities.
  • To test and validate the performance of novel large-culet toroidal anvil designs.
  • To enable new research avenues in materials science and planetary interior studies.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative testing of toroidal DAC profiles with varying torus/shoulder depths and culet diameters (30-50 µm).
  • Pressure calibration using a platinum (Pt) scale.
  • Equation of state (EOS) measurements using gold (Au) and rhenium (Re) as pressure standards at 300 K.

Main Results:

  • A 30 µm culet toroidal DAC profile achieved a maximum pressure of 414(1) GPa.
  • Pressure-volume (P-V) data for gold and rhenium are consistent with extrapolated hydrostatic EOS up to 4 Mbar (within 1%).
  • The developed toroidal anvils demonstrate reliable performance exceeding 4 Mbar.

Conclusions:

  • Large-culet toroidal DACs are validated for pressures exceeding 4 Mbar.
  • These anvils provide a robust platform for diverse sample loading and laser heating experiments.
  • This advancement supports future research into super-Earth and sub-Neptune interior conditions and novel material synthesis.