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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Do some levator avulsions improve over time?

H P Dietz¹, K L Shek², J Descallar^3,4

¹Sydney Urodynamic Centres, Penrith, NSW, Australia.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

|May 20, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Levator ani muscle avulsion after vaginal birth rarely improves significantly over time. Pelvic floor imaging in early postpartum is a reliable indicator of long-term outcomes, with high agreement between assessments.

Keywords:

birth trauma healing levator avulsion translabial ultrasound

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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pelvic Floor Imaging
Postpartum Recovery

Background:

Levator ani muscle avulsion is a common complication after vaginal birth.
Understanding the long-term sonographic appearance of avulsion is crucial for postpartum care.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the sonographic changes in levator ani muscle avulsion over the first few years postpartum.
To determine if early postpartum imaging can predict long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 273 women with four-dimensional translabial ultrasound at an average of 4.3 months and 3.1 years postpartum.
Blinded analysis of tomographic pelvic floor imaging to assess avulsion categories.
Statistical comparison of findings between the two timepoints using Mann-Whitney U-test and symmetry test.

Main Results:

High agreement (97%) in avulsion category between early and late postpartum assessments (Cohen's κ = 0.89).
No statistically significant changes in avulsion category were observed over time (P=0.4).
A non-significant reduction in abnormal slices was noted, potentially due to compensatory hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

Early postpartum pelvic floor imaging (3-10 months) serves as a reliable proxy for long-term outcomes.
Sonographic normalization of full levator ani muscle avulsion was not observed.
The findings suggest limited spontaneous recovery of significant levator ani muscle avulsions.