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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
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The borderline effect for diabetes: when no difference makes a difference.

Peter Aungle1, Ellen Langer1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The "prediabetes" label, even for individuals with similar health risks, may increase the likelihood of developing diabetes. This suggests diagnostic labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies.

Keywords:
diabetesdiagnostic labelsperceived controlperceived riskself-fulfilling beliefs

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Psychology
  • Endocrinology
  • Health Communication

Background:

  • The diagnostic threshold for prediabetes is often based on A1c levels that represent a small range of risk.
  • Individuals borderline between normal and prediabetic classifications may experience similar underlying health risks.
  • The psychological impact of diagnostic labels on health behaviors and outcomes is a significant area of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological effect of the prediabetes diagnostic label on risk perception.
  • To determine if the prediabetes label influences the actual incidence of developing diabetes in individuals with equivalent health risks.
  • To explore the self-fulfilling prophecy potential of medical diagnostic labels.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Surveyed 260 participants to assess risk perception changes based on A1c results and associated diagnostic labels (prediabetic vs. normal).
  • Study 2: Analyzed data from 8,096 patients, comparing diabetes development rates between groups with a 0.1% A1c difference but different diagnostic labels.
  • Statistical analysis was used to compare risk perception and diabetes incidence across labeled groups.

Main Results:

  • Participants perceived significantly higher risk when a 0.1% A1c difference resulted in a prediabetes diagnosis compared to a normal diagnosis.
  • Patients labeled as prediabetic (A1c 5.7%) were significantly more likely to develop diabetes than those labeled normal (A1c 5.6%), despite similar initial A1c values.
  • Patients with identical "normal" labels (e.g., 5.5% and 5.6% A1c) showed equivalent diabetes development rates.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnostic label of prediabetes appears to influence health outcomes, potentially acting as a self-fulfilling prophecy.
  • Subtle differences in diagnostic labels, when underlying pathology is similar, can lead to divergent health trajectories.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which diagnostic labels impact disease development and to optimize patient communication strategies.