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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

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The complete coding sequence of Influenza A/Unknown/Chelyabinsk/206/H7N4.

S Feoktistova1, E Degtyarev1, I Abramov2

  • 1Research Institute of Autoimmune and Orphan Diseases, Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow, Russia.

Microbiology Resource Announcements
|May 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel avian influenza A virus (H7N4) was identified in Russia in 2023. Its genome sequence provides crucial data on the geographic spread of this influenza A virus subtype.

Keywords:
H7N4influenza A

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Avian influenza viruses pose a significant threat to poultry and public health.
  • Surveillance studies are essential for monitoring influenza virus evolution and spread.
  • Understanding influenza A virus subtypes, such as H7N4, is critical for pandemic preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery and genomic characterization of a novel H7N4 influenza A virus strain.
  • To contribute to the understanding of avian influenza virus distribution in the Ural region.

Main Methods:

  • Viral isolation from avian samples collected during a 2023 surveillance study.
  • Whole-genome sequencing of the isolated influenza virus strain.

Main Results:

  • A complete coding genome sequence of an H7N4 influenza A virus was obtained.
  • The virus was isolated near Lake Chebarkul in the Chelyabinsk region, Russia.

Conclusions:

  • The genomic data expands knowledge on the H7N4 influenza A virus subtype's spread.
  • This finding highlights the importance of ongoing avian surveillance for novel influenza strains.