Ultrasensitive Graphene Field-Effect Biosensors Based on Ferroelectric Polarization of Lithium Niobate for Breast...

Herein, we present a novel ultrasensitive graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor based on lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) ferroelectric substrate for the application of breast cancer marker detection. The electrical properties of graphene are varied under the electrostatic field, which is generated through the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric substrate. It is demonstrated that the properties of interface between graphene and solution are also altered due to the interaction between the electrostatic field and ions. Compared with the graphene field-effect biosensor based on the conventional Si/SiO₂ gate structure, our biosensor achieves a higher sensitivity to 64.7 mV/decade and shows a limit of detection down to 1.7 fM (equivalent to 12 fg·mL^-1) on the detection of microRNA21 (a breast cancer marker). This innovative design combining GFETs with ferroelectric substrates holds great promise for developing an ultrahigh-sensitivity biosensing platform based on graphene that enables rapid and early disease diagnosis.