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Fast-Charging Phosphorus-Based Anodes: Promises, Challenges, and Pathways for Improvement.

Xinpeng Han¹, Haochen Gong¹, Hong Li²

¹School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Chemical Reviews

|May 21, 2024

Summary

Phosphorus anodes offer a promising alternative to carbon for fast-charging batteries, overcoming dendrite issues. This review examines challenges and strategies for high-performance phosphorus anode development in energy storage devices.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Current carbon anodes in batteries face dendrite formation and safety issues at high current densities.
Phosphorus (P) anodes are emerging as a viable alternative due to their safe lithiation potential and high theoretical capacity.
Fast-charging P-based anodes have achieved 10-minute recharge times with over 80% capacity retention since 2019.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically examine the challenges hindering fast-charging P-based anodes.
To summarize strategies for overcoming these challenges and controlling electrochemical reactions.
To review P-based full cell configurations and discuss recycling feasibility.

Main Methods:

Systematic examination of challenges: volumetric variation, interfacial instability, polyphosphide dissolution, and P/electrolyte side reactions.
Summarization of strategies involving binders and electrode structures.
Review and discussion of existing P-based full cell configurations and recycling potential.

Main Results:

Identified four key challenges for fast-charging P-based anodes.
Outlined potential strategies to mitigate these challenges and enhance performance.
Reviewed current full cell designs and proposed future research directions for P anodes.

Conclusions:

Phosphorus anodes present a significant opportunity for advancing fast-charging battery technology.
Addressing challenges in volume change, interfacial stability, and side reactions is crucial for practical applications.
Further research into P-based full cells and recycling methods is needed to realize their full potential in energy storage.