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This study introduces a novel aerogel High-Energy-Current (HEC) detector for electron beam dosimetry. The HEC detector shows promise for ultra-high-dose rate radiotherapy (FLASH) and very high energy electrons (VHEE) applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Radiation Detection

Background:

  • The resurgence of electron beam applications in radiotherapy, including ultra-high-dose rate (FLASH) and very high energy electrons (VHEE), necessitates advanced beam monitoring and dosimetry technologies.
  • Clinical translation of these advanced electron beam techniques is contingent upon the development of novel, reliable dosimetry methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of a multi-layer nanoporous aerogel High-Energy-Current (HEC) detector as a dosimeter for electron beams.
  • To evaluate the detector's suitability for very-high-dose-rate applications, assessing its resistance to radiation damage and signal saturation.
  • To explore the detector's response to varying electron energies and residual ranges through experimental and computational methods, establishing a baseline for FLASH and VHEE applications.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of multilayer HEC detectors using modules of Aluminum (Al), aerogel (A), and Tantalum (Ta) with varying layer thicknesses (10-70 µm).
  • Signal acquisition from 3-21 electrodes with zero external voltage bias, measured as a function of depth in water-equivalent plastic.
  • Utilized Varian TrueBeam for electron beam irradiations at energies of 6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV.
  • Performed computational simulations using the 1D deterministic code CEPXS/ONEDANT for identical detector geometries.
  • Employed diode-measured percent-depth-doses (PDD(z)) in water to analyze HEC detector response across different energies and residual ranges.

Main Results:

  • Current measured from Ta electrodes mirrored the pattern of energy deposition in water, correlating with the derivative of the clinical PDD, corrected for photon contamination.
  • The signal from Ta electrodes exhibited a positive surface value, decreasing with depth to a negative minimum at R50, and returning to zero near the practical range (Rp).
  • Al electrodes produced a signal resembling the electron PDD(z) but with reduced surface signal and an increased bremsstrahlung tail.
  • Subtracting the signals from Ta and Al electrodes yielded a corrected PDD(z,E) curve, accounting for bremsstrahlung contamination.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-layer HEC sensors demonstrate unique response characteristics to electron beams, distinct from conventional ion chambers or diodes.
  • The sensor's sensitivity to electronic disequilibrium allows high-Z electrodes to provide signals proportional to charge deposition.
  • The observed signal patterns can be effectively modeled using the derivative of the percent-depth-dose (PDD(z)).