Transition to self-management among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: a mixed methods study

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Adolescent Medicine
• Behavioral Medicine

Background:

• Emerging adulthood presents unique challenges for young individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
• Transitioning to independent diabetes self-management and care transfer requires tailored support.
• Understanding the experiences of this demographic is crucial for optimizing health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the transition to diabetes self-management in emerging adults with T1D.
• To assess perceptions of care transfer during this developmental stage.
• To identify factors influencing successful diabetes management in young adults.

Main Methods:

• Mixed-methods approach combining online surveys and semi-structured interviews.
• Survey assessed demographics, management, knowledge, readiness, adherence, and distress.
• Qualitative interviews explored perceptions of care transfer and self-management.

Main Results:

• Participants with target A1c (<7.0%) reported lower diabetes distress and higher adherence compared to those with elevated A1c (≥7.0%).
• Diabetes distress was significantly associated with glycemic outcomes in those with elevated A1c.
• Qualitative themes highlighted needs for mental health support, peer support, technology benefits, and challenges with supply acquisition.

Conclusions:

• Achieving target glycemic control in emerging adults with T1D is linked to lower distress and better adherence.
• Enhanced mental health services, peer support networks, and accessible technology can improve self-management and care transition.
• Addressing challenges in obtaining diabetes supplies is essential for this population.