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Updated: May 11, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Nonsurgical Management of High-Risk Lesions
Mariana Afonso Matias1, Nisha Sharma1
1Breast Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Level 1 Chancellor Wing, St James Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF.
Abstract:
This article highlights the recent publications and changing trends in practice regarding management of high-risk lesions of the breast. Traditional management has always been a surgical operation but this is recognized as overtreatment. It is recognized that overdiagnosis is inevitable but what we can control is overtreatment. Vacuum-assisted excision is now established as an alternative technique to surgery for further sampling of these high-risk lesions in the United Kingdom. Guidelines from the United Kingdom and Europe now recognize this alternative pathway, and data are available showing that vacuum-assisted excision is a safe alternative to surgery.
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