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Guidelines for Manufacturing and Application of Organoids: Heart
Hyang-Ae Lee1,2, Dong-Hun Woo2,3, Do-Sun Lim2,4
1Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.
International Journal of Stem Cells
|May 22, 2024
Summary
New guidelines standardize cardiac organoid manufacturing and testing for drug safety. These human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids offer a promising alternative to animal testing for cardiotoxicity assessment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Toxicology
- Stem Cell Biology
Background:
- Cardiac organoids are advanced tools for evaluating drug effects on heart function.
- There is a growing need for reliable alternatives to animal testing in drug development.
- Standardized methods are crucial for the regulatory acceptance of cardiac organoid models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish guidelines for manufacturing cardiac organoids.
- To outline protocols for cardiac organoid-based assays and toxicity assessments.
- To ensure scientific rigor, reproducibility, and ethical integrity in cardiotoxicity testing.
Main Methods:
- Development of protocols for cardiac organoid generation using human pluripotent stem cells.
- Description of analytical methodologies for assessing organoid quality and function.
- Inclusion of ethical considerations for organoid use in preclinical testing.
Main Results:
- A foundational framework for standardized cardiac organoid testing has been established.
- Guidelines address regulatory requirements for organoid quality and toxicity assessment.
- The proposed methods are commensurate with current technological capabilities.
Conclusions:
- Standardized cardiac organoid testing provides a robust alternative to animal models for cardiotoxicity evaluation.
- These guidelines facilitate the reliable use of cardiac organoids in drug safety assessment.
- Further comparative studies will refine these methods as technology advances.
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Overview
Anatomy of the Heart
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Overview of the Heart
The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
The heart's structure...
Heart Valves
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...

