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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
Published on: September 12, 2016
Spinal cord involvement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Nisrine El Moussaoui1, Nicolas Lambert2,3, Majdouline El Moussaoui4
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Abstract:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic infectious demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC polyomavirus predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Nowadays, HIV, hematological malignancies and iatrogenic immune suppression account for most PML cases. For unknown reasons, spinal cord is classically protected from PML lesions. Here, we report the course of a patient harboring spinal cord lesions in the context of PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and review the eight other cases reported in the literature so far. Then, we discuss the evolving spectrum of PML over recent years, potentially making its diagnosis more challenging.
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