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Updated: Jun 5, 2026
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
Published on: November 6, 2014
Objective Photoanalysis of Feminizing Frontal Cranioplasty Outcomes
Abel P David1, Adrian E House1, Sonia Targ1
1Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Study Design:
Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care center.
Objective:
This study describes a method of analyzing postoperative results using lateral view clinical photographs to create normalized projection ratios of the glabella and radix.
Methods:
We reviewed preoperative and postoperative photographs of 15 patients. All photographs were in the lateral view Frankfort horizontal plane. We calculated the distances between the (a) tragus and cornea, (b) cornea and radix, (c) cornea and glabella, and the (θ) nasofrontal angle.
Results:
Fifteen sets of patient photographs were analyzed and found that there was a favorable 14% reduction at the radix and an even greater reduction (78.9%) at the glabella. The nasofrontal angle was improved to a more feminine range from 131.84° preoperatively to 145.86° postoperatively.
Conclusions:
Normalized projection ratios of the glabella and radix, along with the nasofrontal angle, can be used to objectively measure outcomes of frontal feminizing cranioplasty.
