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Vital Signs: Drowning Death Rates, Self-Reported Swimming Skill, Swimming Lesson Participation, and Recreational
Tessa Clemens1, Briana Moreland1, Karin A Mack1
1Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
|May 23, 2024
Summary
Drowning deaths increased significantly post-COVID-19, especially among children and minority groups. Swimming lessons and water safety training are crucial for prevention and reducing inequities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Injury Prevention
Background:
- Drowning causes ~4,000 U.S. deaths annually, disproportionately affecting specific demographics.
- The COVID-19 pandemic's infrastructure disruptions may have impacted drowning rates.
- Limited data exist on factors contributing to drowning risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. unintentional drowning death rates.
- To compare pre-pandemic (2019) and post-pandemic (2020-2022) drowning statistics.
- To examine demographic disparities in drowning rates and self-reported swimming behaviors.
Main Methods:
- Utilized National Vital Statistics System data to compare drowning death rates from 2019 to 2020-2022.
- Analyzed rates by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
- Employed National Center for Health Statistics Rapid Surveys System data to assess adult swimming skills and lesson participation.
Main Results:
- Unintentional drowning death rates were significantly higher in 2020-2022 compared to 2019.
- Drowning rates were highest among children aged 1-4 years and increased across most age groups.
- Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Black/African American populations experienced the highest drowning rates.
- Over half of U.S. adults (54.7%) reported never taking swimming lessons.
Conclusions:
- Increased drowning rates, particularly in high-risk groups, necessitate urgent prevention strategies.
- Basic swimming and water safety skills training are vital for reducing drowning risk and addressing inequities.
- The U.S. National Water Safety Action Plan offers resources to enhance water safety education.
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