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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

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Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He...
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Cognitivism01:17

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Form, function, mind: What doesn't compute (and what might).

Stuart A Newman1

  • 1New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|May 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational and dynamical models are limited in explaining organism development and cognition. Nervous tissues may function as excitable matter, enhancing innate cognitive abilities across life.

Keywords:
Biomolecular condensateCell differentiationCognitionDynamical systemMaterial inherenciesMorphogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Computational and dynamical systems models are increasingly applied to biological systems.
  • Existing models face challenges in fully explaining complex biological processes like development and cognition.
  • Metazoan development involves both material properties and quasi-computational gene expression systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To scrutinize the applicability of computational and dynamical systems models to organisms.
  • To propose alternative frameworks for understanding biological development and cognition.
  • To explore the nature of nervous tissue and its role in cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of developmental biology and cognition examples.
  • Critique of multi-attractor dynamical models in development.
  • Conceptualization of nervous tissue as excitable matter.
  • Comparison with active inference models like the Free Energy Principle.

Main Results:

  • Developmental morphogenesis relies on non-computational material properties.
  • Cell differentiation in metazoans exhibits a quasi-computational basis.
  • Global properties of development and cognition are ill-suited to current dynamical and computational models.
  • Nervous tissues can be viewed as excitable matter enhancing basal cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Classic computationalism and dynamicism are insufficient for explaining cognition.
  • A novel view of nervous tissue as excitable matter offers a promising direction.
  • This perspective aligns with active inference principles for understanding cognition.