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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

294
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
294
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

363
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
363
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

84
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
84
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

930
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
930
Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

521
Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
521
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics01:16

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics

670
Diuretics are antihypertensive drugs used to treat hypertension resulting from sodium and water retention. Sodium, vital for fluid balance and nerve or muscle function, is regulated by the kidneys through millions of nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via afferent arterioles, which branch into capillaries called glomeruli. These filter blood plasma, allowing water and solutes, like sodium ions, to pass through capillary walls into Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then flows through various...
670

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Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
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Dialysis Distress.

Sanjay Kalra1, Sourabh Sharma2, Manisha Sahay3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India; University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|May 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dialysis distress is a significant emotional challenge for end-stage kidney disease patients. Early identification and empathetic support are crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease, dialysis, end stage kidney disease, psychosocial aspects, renal replacement therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) necessitates renal replacement therapy, often dialysis.
  • Patients undergoing dialysis frequently experience significant emotional challenges.
  • Existing literature lacks a clear conceptualization of 'dialysis distress'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize and characterize the phenomenon of dialysis distress.
  • To define dialysis distress as a distinct emotional state.
  • To explore the implications for patient care and management.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of patient experiences.
  • Literature review on psychological impacts of chronic illness.
  • Synthesis of clinical observations.

Main Results:

  • Dialysis distress is defined as an emotional state of apprehension, anxiety, despair, or dejection.
  • This distress arises from a perceived inability to cope with dialysis demands.
  • The concept is applicable to other renal replacement therapies, including transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Timely identification of dialysis distress is essential.
  • Management requires appropriate support, counseling, and education.
  • An empathic approach is critical for effective patient care.