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How do invasive predators and their native prey respond to prescribed fire?

Darcy J Watchorn1, Tim S Doherty2,3, Barbara A Wilson1

  • 1School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus) Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia.

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|May 24, 2024
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Summary

Prescribed fire in Australia did not increase feral cat or red fox activity. Medium-sized native mammals were negatively impacted by fire extent, suggesting short-term negative effects on wildlife.

Keywords:
activitycamera trapconservationdisturbanceferal cat (Felis catus)macropodmammalpredationred fox (Vulpes vulpes)small mammals

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological responses to fire
  • Invasive species ecology
  • Wildlife management

Background:

  • Fire is a significant ecological driver, influencing predator-prey dynamics and resource availability.
  • Invasive predators like feral cats (Felis catus) and European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are a concern in Australia, with potential for increased activity post-fire.
  • Understanding wildlife responses to prescribed burns is crucial for effective land management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of prescribed fire occurrence, extent, and history on the activity of invasive predators (cats, foxes) and native mammals in southeastern Australia.
  • To determine how fire interacts with habitat variables (vegetation, topography, proximity to human settlements) to influence mammal activity.
  • To assess the short-term effects of prescribed burns on different native mammal size classes.

Main Methods:

  • Camera traps were deployed to monitor mammal activity (detection frequency) before and after a prescribed burn.
  • Statistical analyses were used to test the effects of fire and its interaction with environmental variables on mammal activity.
  • Mammal species were categorized by size: small (<800 g), medium (800–2000 g), and large (kangaroos).

Main Results:

  • Prescribed fire showed little influence on the activity of feral cats and European red foxes.
  • No significant effect of prescribed fire was observed on the activity of kangaroos or small native mammals.
  • Medium-sized native mammals exhibited negative associations with prescribed fire extent, indicating a short-term detrimental impact.

Conclusions:

  • The study found limited evidence that prescribed fire increases the activity of invasive cats and foxes, a potentially positive outcome for conservation.
  • Prescribed fire extent appears to negatively affect medium-sized native mammals in the short term.
  • Future research should utilize GPS tracking to understand fine-scale predator movements post-fire to better inform management strategies in protected areas.