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Quantity and Size of Titanium Particles Released from Different Mechanical Decontamination Procedures on Titanium
Anthony Kao1, Andrew Tawse-Smith1, Sunyoung Ma1
1Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Dentistry Journal
|May 24, 2024
Summary
Ultrasonic scaling with a metal tip releases the most titanium particles during dental implant decontamination. This method generates significantly more titanium than other common techniques, potentially impacting implant survival.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Implantology
- Surface Engineering
Background:
- Peri-implantitis, a complication affecting dental implant survival, necessitates managing bacterial biofilm and environmental risks.
- Pro-inflammatory titanium (Ti) particles in the peri-implant niche are a key concern in preventing and treating peri-implant diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the size and quantity of Ti particles released from moderately roughened Ti surfaces during common mechanical surface decontamination methods.
- To compare Ti particle generation across different decontamination techniques, including ultrasonic scaling (US), air-polishing, and Ti brush.
Main Methods:
- 140 moderately roughened Ti discs were divided into seven groups, with six receiving mechanical decontamination (US with metal/PEEK tips, air-polishing, Ti brush) and one control (air-water spray).
- Ti particle release was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- Ti particle size and count were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
Main Results:
- Ultrasonic scaling (US) with a metal tip generated significantly higher amounts of Ti particles (34.00–34.44 μg) compared to other methods.
- The mean Ti particle size from US with a metal tip ranged from 0.89–1.25 μm.
- Deterioration of PEEK US tips and Ti brushes also contributed to Ti release, confirmed by EDS analysis.
Conclusions:
- Mechanical instrumentation, particularly US with a metal tip, generates substantial amounts of Ti particles during dental implant surface decontamination.
- US with a metal tip releases the highest quantity of Ti particles with smaller sizes compared to other common methods.
- The findings suggest that material wear from decontamination tools is an additional source of Ti particle release, potentially influencing peri-implant health.
