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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Stillbirth: we can do better.

Robert M Silver1, Uma Reddy2

  • 1Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|May 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stillbirth, the death of a fetus after 20 weeks gestation, affects 1 in 175 US pregnancies. This review covers stillbirth epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies for reducing these tragic outcomes.

Keywords:
bundledisparitiesperinatal autopsyplacentastillbirth

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Obstetrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stillbirth is a significant global issue, affecting millions of pregnancies annually.
  • The US stillbirth rate of 5.73 per 1000 pregnancies (1 in 175) is higher than in many high-resource nations.
  • Disparities exist, with higher rates among non-Hispanic Black and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, risk factors, causes, and management of stillbirth.
  • To highlight opportunities for stillbirth reduction in high-resource settings like the US.
  • To focus on novel data in genetic etiologies, placental assessment, and risk stratification for prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of stillbirth epidemiology.
  • Analysis of risk factors and identified causes of stillbirth.
  • Examination of current medical and emotional management strategies.
  • Review of emerging data on genetic factors and placental assessment.

Main Results:

  • Stillbirth rates in the US are concerningly high compared to other high-income countries.
  • Significant racial and ethnic disparities contribute to unequal stillbirth burdens.
  • Novel insights into genetic causes and placental pathology offer new avenues for investigation.

Conclusions:

  • There is substantial potential to reduce stillbirth rates, even in the US.
  • Addressing disparities and implementing advanced risk stratification are crucial for prevention.
  • Continued research into genetic etiologies and placental assessment is vital for improving outcomes.