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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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General Transcription Factors01:30

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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The Nucleosome01:19

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Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques
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Does TFIIH move nucleosomes?

Mario Zurita1

  • 1Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62250, México.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|May 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is crucial for DNA repair and transcription. New research suggests TFIIH also plays a role in nucleosome movement during mitosis, impacting chromosome structure.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a multi-subunit complex essential for multiple DNA-related processes.
  • Its known functions include transcription initiation, DNA repair, and maintaining genome stability.
  • TFIIH possesses critical helicase/ATPase and kinase enzymatic activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of TFIIH in nucleosome dynamics.
  • To investigate TFIIH's influence on chromosome structure during mitosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on transcription machinery and chromosome compaction.
  • Analysis of structural and functional data related to TFIIH.

Main Results:

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Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

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  • Emerging evidence suggests TFIIH's involvement beyond transcription and DNA repair.
  • The structural and functional properties of TFIIH align with a role in modulating nucleosome positioning and movement.
  • This function is potentially linked to chromosome condensation during cell division.

Conclusions:

  • TFIIH may have an underappreciated role in regulating chromatin structure.
  • Further investigation into TFIIH's impact on nucleosome dynamics is warranted.
  • Understanding this function could provide new insights into genome regulation and cell division.