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Olfactory Dysfunction and Glaucoma.

Valeria Iannucci1, Alice Bruscolini1, Giannicola Iannella1

  • 1Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Biomedicines
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory dysfunction may indicate glaucoma, a neurodegenerative eye disease. Early olfactory testing could aid in glaucoma diagnosis, though more research is needed.

Keywords:
glaucomahyposmianeurodegenerationolfactionolfactory disordersolfactory dysfunctionolfactory testpseudoexfoliation syndromeretinal ganglion cellssmell

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Sensory Systems

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
  • Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease of the visual system, may also affect olfactory function.
  • Investigating sensory interconnections between olfaction and glaucoma is warranted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between olfactory function and glaucoma.
  • To determine if olfactory changes are associated with glaucoma or its predisposing conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted covering the last 15 years (April 2008-April 2023).
  • Two authors independently searched for studies on olfaction and glaucoma.
  • Studies meeting selection criteria were analyzed for findings.

Main Results:

  • Three papers met the selection criteria.
  • Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) showed poorer olfaction compared to healthy individuals.
  • Conditions predisposing to glaucoma, like pseudoexfoliation syndrome and primary vascular dysregulation, may cause measurable olfactory changes.

Conclusions:

  • The scientific literature on olfaction and glaucoma is limited.
  • The exact cause of olfactory changes in glaucoma remains unclear.
  • Olfactory testing could potentially serve as a non-invasive tool for early glaucoma diagnosis if findings are confirmed.