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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Removal and Replacement of Endogenous Ligands from Lipid-Bound Proteins and Allergens

Removal and Replacement of Endogenous Ligands from Lipid-Bound Proteins and Allergens

Published on: February 24, 2021

Insect Cell-Expressed Major Ragweed Allergen Amb a 1.01 Exhibits Similar Allergenic Properties to Its Natural

Maria-Roxana Buzan^1,2, Manuela Grijincu^1,2, Lauriana-Eunice Zbîrcea^1,2

¹Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|May 25, 2024

Summary

Researchers successfully produced a recombinant Amb a 1.01 protein, identical to natural Amb a 1.01, for better ragweed allergy diagnosis and treatment. This advancement aids in managing common ragweed pollen allergy.

Keywords:

Amb a 1 allergen allergy molecular diagnosis ragweed pollen allergy recombinant allergen specific IgE

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Allergology
Biotechnology

Background:

Common ragweed pollen allergy is a global health issue.
Amb a 1, particularly the Amb a 1.01 isoform, is a major allergen responsible for over 90% of IgE responses in allergic individuals.
Previous attempts to produce recombinant Amb a 1.01 with similar allergenic properties to its natural counterpart (nAmb a 1.01) have been unsuccessful.

Purpose of the Study:

To produce a recombinant Amb a 1.01 (rAmb a 1.01) with allergenic properties comparable to nAmb a 1.01.
To facilitate improved management strategies for ragweed allergy.

Main Methods:

Amb a 1.01 was expressed in insect cells using a codon-optimized DNA construct with a removable N-terminal His-Tag.
The recombinant protein (rAmb a 1.01) was purified using affinity chromatography.
rAmb a 1.01 was compared to nAmb a 1.01 using IgE binding assays (ELISA, immunoblot) and mediator release assays in ragweed-allergic patients.

Main Results:

The rAmb a 1.01 demonstrated comparable IgE reactivity to nAmb a 1.01 across various IgE-binding assays, including ELISA and quantitative ImmunoCAP inhibition.
The recombinant protein exhibited dose-dependent allergenic activity similar to nAmb a 1.01 in basophil activation tests.
Successful expression of rAmb a 1.01 with characteristics mirroring the natural isoform was achieved.

Conclusions:

The study successfully produced a functional recombinant Amb a 1.01 protein.
This rAmb a 1.01 can serve as a valuable tool for advancing ragweed allergy research.
The findings support the potential use of this recombinant protein in improved diagnosis and immunotherapy for ragweed allergy.