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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

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Published on: March 3, 2023

Combined Exposure to Ragweed and House Dust Mite Exacerbates Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction: A Multimodal

Elena-Larisa Zimbru1,2, Răzvan-Ionuț Zimbru1,2, Manuela Grijincu2

  • 1Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Combined exposure to ragweed (RW) pollen and house dust mite (HDM) allergens causes more severe airway epithelial barrier dysfunction than individual allergens. This barrier disruption is an early event in allergic respiratory diseases.

Keywords:
airway epithelial barrier dysfunctionallergen co-exposureallergic asthmaepithelial integrityhouse dust mitesmultimodal analysisragweed pollentight junctions

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Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction is a key early mechanism in allergic respiratory diseases.
  • Individual aeroallergens like ragweed (RW) and house dust mite (HDM) impair epithelial integrity.
  • The impact of combined allergen exposure on barrier function is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of single versus combined allergen exposure on airway epithelial barrier function.
  • To investigate the cellular and molecular responses to allergen exposure.
  • To establish a multimodal experimental approach for assessing epithelial barrier integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were exposed to RW, HDM, or combined RW + HDM extracts.
  • Barrier function was assessed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and xCELLigence impedance monitoring.
  • Structural integrity was evaluated via occludin immunofluorescence, and gene expression changes were analyzed by RT-qPCR.

Main Results:

  • Both single and combined allergen exposures impaired epithelial barrier function in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
  • Combined RW + HDM exposure caused the most significant and prolonged reduction in TEER and impedance.
  • Functional impairment was associated with tight junction disruption and altered expression of inflammatory and stress-response genes.

Conclusions:

  • Combined exposure to RW and HDM induces more severe and persistent airway epithelial barrier dysfunction than individual allergens.
  • Epithelial barrier disruption is a critical early pathogenic event in allergic airway diseases.
  • The multimodal approach provides a robust platform for studying epithelial responses to complex environmental exposures.