Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Neurosurgery.

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Neurophysiology

Background:

• Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is vital for improving surgical safety and precision.
• It involves real-time assessment of neurophysiological signals to protect neural structures during surgery.
• Effective IONM requires careful anesthetic planning to ensure accurate signal interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of IONM modalities and their applications in various neurosurgical fields.
• To elucidate commonly used IONM techniques for physicians and healthcare professionals unfamiliar with the practice.
• To discuss anesthesiologic strategies and limitations pertinent to IONM implementation.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of relevant scientific literature was conducted.
• Studies focusing on IONM modalities, applications, and anesthetic considerations were included.
• The review synthesized information on IONM in diverse neurosurgical settings.

Main Results:

• IONM plays a critical role in enhancing procedural safety across neurosurgery.
• The review details IONM applications in brain tumor resection, neurovascular, epilepsy, spinal, and peripheral nerve surgeries.
• Key anesthesiologic strategies and technical limitations for effective IONM were identified.

Conclusions:

• IONM is an indispensable tool in modern neurosurgery, significantly contributing to patient safety.
• Understanding IONM techniques and anesthetic management is crucial for successful neurosurgical outcomes.
• This review serves as a guide for healthcare professionals on the effective use of IONM.