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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Bacteria-Fungi Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis.

Miriam Gorostidi-Aicua1,2, Iraia Reparaz1, Ane Otaegui-Chivite1,2

  • 1Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Neuroimmunology Group, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.

Microorganisms
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves gut microbial changes. Fungi and bacteria shifts, including reduced beneficial bacteria and increased Torulaspora and Enterobacteriaceae, were found in people with MS (pwMS).

Keywords:
NGSbacteriomeion torrent sequencingmultiple sclerosismycobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis involves genetic and environmental factors.
  • The gut microbiota's role in MS is an emerging area of research.
  • Investigating both bacterial and fungal communities offers a comprehensive view of microbial dysbiosis in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the bacteriome and mycobiome of people with MS (pwMS) to healthy controls (HC).
  • To identify specific microbial taxa and cross-kingdom interactions associated with MS.
  • To explore the contribution of fungal and bacterial dysbiosis to MS pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Ion torrent sequencing was used to analyze the gut bacteriome and mycobiome.
  • Principal coordinate, diversity, and abundance analyses were performed.
  • Clustering and cross-kingdom microbial correlation assessments were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in microbial profiles were observed between pwMS and HC.
  • Elevated levels of Torulaspora (fungus) and Enterobacteriaceae (bacteria) were found in pwMS.
  • Reduced levels of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Prevotelladaceae, Dialister) and weakened cross-kingdom interactions were noted in pwMS.

Conclusions:

  • MS is characterized by dysbiosis in both bacterial and fungal gut microbiota.
  • Fungi, alongside bacteria, may contribute to MS pathogenesis.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota presents a potential therapeutic strategy for MS management.