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Intestinal Emphysema and Gut Bacterial Microbiota Composition.

Jasmine Hattab1, Alfonso Rosamilia2, Chiara Guarnieri3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP18 Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.

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|May 25, 2024
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Summary

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, or intestinal emphysema, is a condition found in swine. This study investigated its bacterial causes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing but found no significant differences in microbiota between affected and unaffected pigs.

Keywords:
16S rRNA gene sequencingintestinal emphysemapigpneumatosis cystoides intestinalis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), or intestinal emphysema, is characterized by cysts in the intestinal wall.
  • While often an incidental finding in swine, PCI can be significant in human medicine.
  • The exact cause of PCI remains unknown, with bacterial involvement being a leading hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bacterial etiology of intestinal emphysema in swine.
  • To identify potential bacterial agents associated with the condition.
  • To estimate the prevalence of intestinal emphysema in the studied swine population.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from swine ileal tissues.
  • Comparison of bacterial microbiota in swine with and without intestinal emphysema lesions.
  • Estimation of the prevalence of intestinal emphysema.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences in bacterial microbiota were observed between swine with and without intestinal emphysema.
  • The most abundant bacterial species identified were *Escherichia-Shigella*, *Clostridium sensu stricto 1*, and *Fusobacterium*.
  • Prevalence of intestinal emphysema ranged from 1.25% to 5.12%.

Conclusions:

  • The gut wall bacterial microbiota in swine with intestinal emphysema closely resembles normal gut microbiota.
  • The etiological agent may be undetectable due to lesion chronicity, low statistical relevance, or contamination.
  • Intestinal emphysema appears to be a moderately frequent condition in swine.