Leukemia Types and Subtypes Analysis: Epidemiological Age-Standardized Exploration in the Mexican Bajio Region

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Epidemiology
• Oncology

Background:

• Leukemia is a significant global cancer, ranking 15th in incidence in 2020.
• Mexico reports leukemia as the ninth most frequent cancer.
• Regional epidemiological data are crucial for understanding leukemia patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze leukemia prevalence and age-standardized incidence rates.
• To investigate leukemia epidemiology in the Mexican Bajio region.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 535 leukemia medical records from 2008-2018.
• Determination of prevalence, distribution, and age-specific incidence rates by sex and age groups.

Main Results:

• Lymphocytic leukemia (65.79%) was more prevalent than myeloid (33.64%) or monocytic (0.56%) leukemia.
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia dominated in pediatric cases, while myeloid leukemia increased in adulthood.
• Age-specific incidence showed high rates in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (153.8) and adult myeloid leukemia (59.84).

Conclusions:

• Acute leukemia has high prevalence, particularly in pediatric and adult populations.
• Age-specific patterns highlight distinct leukemia dynamics in children versus adults.
• Findings support tailored diagnostic, treatment, and preventive strategies for leukemia based on age.