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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

Published on: April 2, 2012

Models of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency.

Paige N Canova^1,2, Audra J Charron², David A Leib²

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.

|May 25, 2024

Summary

Understanding herpes simplex virus (HSV) latency relies on various models, each with pros and cons. New in vivo models are needed to better mimic human HSV infections and immune responses.

Keywords:

HSV in vivo and in vitro models latency organoids reactivation

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Area of Science:

Virology and Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Animal Models

Background:

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) latency is crucial for understanding recurrent infections.
Current knowledge stems from clinical data and diverse experimental models (in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro).
Each model system presents unique strengths and limitations in replicating human HSV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the advantages and disadvantages of current HSV latency models.
To highlight key insights gained from in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies.
To identify the need for improved in vivo models that better recapitulate human HSV infection.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on HSV latency models.
Analysis of criteria for authentic HSV latency modeling, including genetic manipulation, immune response, and pathogenesis.
Consideration of practical factors: cost, time, ethics, and reagent availability.

Main Results:

In vivo models illuminate natural infection routes and host-immune-virus interactions during latency.
In vitro models are essential for dissecting molecular mechanisms of HSV latency.
Existing models, despite limitations, collectively advance the understanding of HSV latency.

Conclusions:

No single model perfectly replicates human HSV latency; a combination of approaches is valuable.
There is a significant need for in vivo models that more accurately reflect human HSV infection.
Continued research using diverse models is vital for advancing HSV latency knowledge and therapeutic strategies.