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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Brain Mapping Using a Graphene Electrode Array

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Published on: October 20, 2023

Functional Brain Mapping Using Depth Electrodes.

Chie Kamada¹, Rei Enatsu¹, Seiichiro Imataka¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.

World Neurosurgery

|May 25, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Depth electrodes effectively map brain functions, inducing neurologic symptoms at lower stimulus intensities than subdural electrodes. This technique aids in understanding deep brain structures and subcortical fibers.

Keywords:

Brain mapping Depth electrode Electrical stimulation Epilepsy

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Brain Mapping Using a Graphene Electrode Array

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Published on: October 20, 2023

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG

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Published on: June 14, 2010

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Published on: June 26, 2012

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Neurology
Neurophysiology

Background:

Functional brain mapping is crucial for epilepsy surgery.
Depth electrodes offer potential for precise neural pathway stimulation.
Understanding deep brain structures and subcortical fibers requires advanced mapping techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neurologic symptoms elicited by deep structure and subcortical fiber stimulation using depth electrodes.
To compare stimulus intensities required for depth electrodes versus subdural electrodes.

Main Methods:

Seventeen patients with drug-refractory epilepsy underwent functional brain mapping with depth electrodes.
Electrical stimulation (50 Hz) was applied, and diffusion tensor imaging identified subcortical fibers.
Responsible structures and stimulus intensities for induced neurologic symptoms were evaluated.

Main Results:

Neurologic symptoms were induced in 11 of 17 patients.
Opricular and insular stimulation elicited symptoms at a median threshold of 4.0 mA.
Depth electrodes required significantly lower stimulus intensities compared to subdural electrodes.

Conclusions:

Depth electrode stimulation is effective for mapping deep brain structures and subcortical fibers.
Lower stimulus intensities are needed with depth electrodes compared to subdural electrodes.
This method enhances the precision of functional brain mapping in epilepsy surgery.