Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

4.5K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
4.5K
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

166
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
166
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

26.4K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
26.4K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

16.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.2K
Conformity01:20

Conformity

45.1K
Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.
45.1K
Spare Receptors01:30

Spare Receptors

3.5K
Some receptors remain unoccupied even when an agonist produces a maximal response. Such empty ones are called spare receptors. In presence of spare receptors the maximum effect of an agonist drug is achieved with fewer than 100% of the receptors being occupied. To determine the presence of spare receptors, scientists often compare the concentration of the drug needed to produce 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) with the concentration of the drug needed to occupy 50% of the receptors (Kd). If the...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Automatic imitation towards robots is not influenced by the intentional stance.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Us and them: Anticipated imitation between groups.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

The interference effect of direct eye gaze in the Stroop paradigm.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026
Same author

Shared effects of one's own and others' experiences during reinforcement learning on episodic memory.

NPJ science of learning·2026
Same author

Neural underpinnings of visuomotor adaptation and retention after a night of sleep in children with DCD.

Research in developmental disabilities·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.3K

Anticipated imitation of multiple agents.

Carl Michael Galang1, Emiel Cracco2, Marcel Brass1

  • 1Social Intelligence Lab, Department of Psychology & The Berlin School of Mind & Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Cognition
|May 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Anticipating imitation speeds up reactions to congruent actions. This study found that reacting to multiple virtual agents enhanced social facilitation but decreased the imitation congruency effect.

Keywords:
Action anticipationAnticipated imitationMultiple agents

More Related Videos

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.2K
Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.3K
Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.2K
Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Imitation is fundamental to social interaction and learning.
  • Anticipating imitation improves motor responses for congruent actions.
  • Previous research primarily examined imitation in pairs, not groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anticipated imitation effect in group settings.
  • To examine social facilitation and imitation congruency with multiple agents.
  • To extend understanding of automatic imitation beyond dyadic interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Three online experiments were conducted with varying numbers of virtual agents (one vs. three).
  • Participants performed anticipated imitation tasks.
  • Reaction times for congruent and incongruent actions were measured across experiments with large sample sizes (N=77, 239, 457).

Main Results:

  • A significant anticipated imitation effect was observed, with faster reaction times for congruent actions.
  • A social facilitation effect emerged: participants reacted faster when anticipating three agents versus one.
  • Contrary to hypotheses, the congruency effect diminished with multiple agents, suggesting a decreased imitation effect.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the existence of anticipated imitation and social facilitation in group contexts.
  • The results challenge the notion of amplified imitation effects with increased group size.
  • The study provides insights into automatic imitation of multiple agents within the framework of ideomotor theory.