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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Primate V2 Receptive Fields Derived from Anatomically Identified Large-Scale V1 Inputs.

Mahlega S Hassanpour¹, Sam Merlin^1,2, Frederick Federer¹

¹Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah.

Research Square

|May 27, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Simple linear combinations of inputs from the primary visual cortex (V1) explain complex receptive fields in the secondary visual area (V2). This reveals how visual object recognition complexity emerges in the primate brain.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

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Published on: February 3, 2015

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Visual System Research

Background:

Visual object recognition in primates relies on a hierarchical ventral visual pathway.
Neurons in this pathway exhibit increasing tuning to complex features, but the underlying circuit mechanisms are unknown.
Understanding receptive field (RF) complexity emergence in visual area V2 is crucial.

Approach:

Investigated V1 to V2 input organization using retrograde tracing and functional imaging in macaque monkeys.
Combined anatomical tracing with functional imaging of feature maps in V1 and V2.
Developed feedforward models based on V1 inputs to predict V2 RF properties.

Key Points:

V1 inputs to V2 orientation columns show broad but biased orientation preferences.
Modeled V2 RFs, derived from linear combinations of V1 inputs, were elongated or complex.
These models accurately predicted V2 responses to gratings and explained enhanced texture selectivity.

Conclusions:

Linear combinations of feedforward V1 inputs can account for V2 receptive field properties.
This mechanism explains orientation selectivity and texture sensitivity in V2.
Demonstrates how receptive field complexity arises in early visual processing stages.