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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
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Electrochemical Paper-Based Microfluidics: Harnessing Capillary Flow for Advanced Diagnostics.

Léonard Bezinge1, Chih-Jen Shih1, Daniel A Richards1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Electrochemical paper-based microfluidics offers a path to portable, quantitative point-of-care diagnostics. Innovations in electrode integration enhance biosensing capabilities for advanced healthcare applications.

Keywords:
electroanalytical deviceselectrochemical sensorslaser‐induced graphenepaper microfluidicspoint‐of‐care diagnosticsprinted electronics

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Electrochemical paper-based microfluidics is promising for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • Capillary flow enables passive sample and reagent transport for bioassays.
  • Conventional electrode fabrication methods hinder device performance and design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in paper-based electroanalytical devices.
  • To discuss the benefits and novel functionalities of electrochemical sensing.
  • To highlight electrofluidic platforms for enhanced biosensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of lateral flow tests and paper-based microfluidics engineering.
  • Analysis of electrode integration in paper-based devices.
  • Exploration of electrofluidic platforms for biosensing.

Main Results:

  • Conventional electrode fabrication limits capillary flow and device architecture.
  • Electrochemical sensing unlocks novel functionalities for diagnostics.
  • Electrofluidic platforms with embedded electrodes enhance biosensing.

Conclusions:

  • Innovations in paper-based microfluidics enable portable, quantitative diagnostics.
  • Seamless integration with digital healthcare is achievable.
  • These advancements maintain the simplicity of rapid diagnostic tests.